Understanding Periodontal Disease and Gum Health
The word periodontal means “around the tooth”. Periodontal disease attacks the gums and the bone that support the teeth. Plaque is a sticky film of food debris, bacteria, and saliva. If plaque is not removed, it turns into calculus (tartar). When plaque and calculus are not removed, they begin to destroy the gums and bone. Periodontal disease is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums.
Four out of five people have periodontal disease and don’t know it! Most people are not aware of it because the disease is usually painless in the early stages.
Not only is it the number one reason for tooth loss, research suggests that there may be a link between periodontal disease and other diseases such as, stroke, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk during pregnancy. Researchers are determining if inflammation and bacteria associated with periodontal disease affects these systemic diseases and conditions. Smoking also increases the risk of periodontal disease.
Good oral hygiene, a balanced diet, and regular dental visits can help reduce your risk of developing periodontal disease.
Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease
- Bleeding gums – Gums should never bleed, even when you brush vigorously or use dental floss.
- Loose teeth – Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal fibers (fibers that support the tooth to the bone).
- New spacing between teeth – Caused by bone loss.
- Persistent bad breath – Caused by bacteria in the mouth.
- Pus around the teeth and gums – Sign that there is an infection present.
- Receding gums – Loss of gum around a tooth.
- Red and puffy gums – Gums should never be red or swollen.
- Tenderness or Discomfort – Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q.
What is periodontal disease and how does it start?
Periodontal disease (gum disease) is an infection of the gums and supporting structures around the teeth caused by the buildup of bacterial plaque and calculus (tartar). If not removed, this bacteria inflames and destroys gum tissue and bone that hold teeth in place.
Q.
What are the common signs and symptoms of gum disease?
Signs include red, swollen or tender gums, gums that bleed when brushing or flossing, persistent bad breath, gum recession, loose teeth, and new spacing between teeth. Early stages can be painless, so professional evaluation is important.
Q.
How long does Invisalign treatment take?
Treatment time varies based on individual needs, but many patients complete Invisalign in 6–18 months. You’ll begin seeing noticeable improvements early in the process with consistent wear.
Q.
How is periodontal disease diagnosed?
Your dentist or hygienist will perform a periodontal evaluation, measuring gum pocket depths around your teeth and taking dental X‑rays to assess bone support. These help determine the presence and severity of gum disease.
Q.
Can periodontal disease be reversed?
Early gum disease (gingivitis) can often be reversed with improved home care and professional cleanings. More advanced periodontal disease isn’t fully reversible but can be successfully managed with appropriate treatment and maintenance.
Q.
How often should I have periodontal maintenance after treatment?
After active therapy, more frequent periodontal maintenance visits (often every 3–4 months) help control bacteria, monitor gum pocket depths, and prevent disease progression.